Conduct Disorder
Conduct Disorder (CD) is the most common psychiatric disorder in the world. It is characterised by persistent anti-social behaviour where social rules are repeatedly broken and aggressive acts are repeatedly performed with the aim of upsetting others. Many children and adolescents with a Conduct Disorder diagnosis grow up into anti-social adults.
Conduct Disorder Signs & Symptoms
- repetitive and persistent violation of societal norms, rules, laws, and basic rights of others
- aggression, property destruction, theft, and deceitfulness
- behavioural severity that leads to significant impairment in various areas of functioning
- prolonged behavioural pattern lasting a year or more (thus, isolated criminal acts do not lead to a Conduct Disorder diagnosis)
Reference: https://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes/F01-F99/F90-F98/F91-
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), a disruptive disorder which often accompanies ADHD, features ongoing behavioural patterns that cause significant impairment in a child’s social, academic and occupational life.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder Signs & Symptoms
- bad temper
- easily annoyed
- angry or resentful
- spiteful or vindictive
- defying rules
- refusing to comply with requests
- argumentative with adults
- deliberately seeks to annoy others
- blaming others for own mistakes
Reference: https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F91.3
Overview of CD, ODD & More…
Risk Factors for Conduct Disorder & Oppositional Defiant Disorder
- anti-social parents
- anti-social peers
- lack of parental supervision
- disruptive family behaviour
- child abuse
- child neglect
- negative parental discipline
- cold parental attitude
- parental conflict
- low family income
- low IQ / low academic achievement
- impulsiveness
- attending high-crime-incidence schools
- living in a high-crime-incidence neighbourhood
Treatment for CD & ODD
Psychosocial Interventions
- Parental Training
- Limit Setting Implementation
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
- Family Therapy
Psychopharmacology
- Stimulants – help reduce aggression
- Anti-Depressants – SSRIs help reduce impulsive and aggressive behaviour
- Lithium and Anti-Convulsants – help reduce aggression
- Clonidine – help reduce impulsivity and aggression
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Claire is keen about public education on health-related subjects as well as holistic patient-centered care. She is also passionate about spreading awareness on the negative effects that domestic abuse leaves on its victims’ mental, emotional, social and physical wellbeing.
Claire aspires to continue studying following completion of her Nursing Degree, because she truly believes in lifelong education.
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