Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder in which both communication and behaviour are affected. Signs and symptoms tend to start showing up during the first two years of life. A child with ASD exhibits issues related to social interaction, communication and play, and interest restrictions.
Autism Spectrum Disorder is considered to be a chronic disability. Through early intervention, symptoms can be improved.
Reference: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/autism/
Understanding Autism – Simulation
Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis
For an accurate Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis, a child’s developmental and behavioural history is required, from which certain criteria can be evident by the age of 3. These include:
- inability to initiate and maintain social interaction
- inability to initiate and maintain communication
- behavioural patterns which are restrictive, repetitive and inflexible
- unusual interests or activities which at times may seem excessive
- impairment in functional abilities related to self, family, and society, including school/work
Note: Child may still exhibit intellectual functioning and language abilities.
Reference: https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F84.0
Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk Factors
- Genetic – having a sibling with ASD, or having certain chromosomal conditions such as tuberous sclerosis (genetic disorder which causes benign tumors to develop in various parts of the body) or fragile X syndrome (genetic condition which causes developmental issues such as learning disabilities and cognitive impairment).
- Drugs – intake of certain drugs in pregnancy such as valproic acid (Epilim) and thalidomide (Thalomid)
- Parental Age – the older the parents are when a child is born, the greater the risk for the child to develop ASD
Note: There is no scientific evidence suggesting that vaccines cause ASD.
Reference: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/autism.html
Autism Spectrum Disorder Treatment
Psychopharmacology
ASD is linked to symptoms such as aggression, repetitive behaviour, irritability, anxiety and depression, hyperactivity, and attention deficit. Treatment for ASD may be prescribed with the aim of targeting such symptoms.
Psychosocial Interventions
Therapy can help a child with ASD to develop life skills, social skills, communicative skills, and language skills. Suggested therapy includes Behavioural Therapy, Psychological Therapy, and Educational Therapy.
Reference: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd
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Claire is keen about public education on health-related subjects as well as holistic patient-centered care. She is also passionate about spreading awareness on the negative effects that domestic abuse leaves on its victims’ mental, emotional, social and physical wellbeing.
Claire aspires to continue studying following completion of her Nursing Degree, because she truly believes in lifelong education.
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