Conduct Disorder
Conduct Disorder (CD) is the most common psychiatric disorder in the world. It is characterised by persistent anti-social behaviour where social rules are repeatedly broken and aggressive acts are repeatedly performed with the aim of upsetting others. Many children and adolescents with a Conduct Disorder diagnosis grow up into anti-social adults.
Conduct Disorder Signs & Symptoms
- repetitive and persistent violation of societal norms, rules, laws, and basic rights of others
- aggression, property destruction, theft, and deceitfulness
- behavioural severity that leads to significant impairment in various areas of functioning
- prolonged behavioural pattern lasting a year or more (thus, isolated criminal acts do not lead to a Conduct Disorder diagnosis)
Reference: https://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes/F01-F99/F90-F98/F91-
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), a disruptive disorder which often accompanies ADHD, features ongoing behavioural patterns that cause significant impairment in a child’s social, academic and occupational life.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder Signs & Symptoms
- bad temper
- easily annoyed
- angry or resentful
- spiteful or vindictive
- defying rules
- refusing to comply with requests
- argumentative with adults
- deliberately seeks to annoy others
- blaming others for own mistakes
Reference: https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F91.3
Overview of CD, ODD & More…
Risk Factors for Conduct Disorder & Oppositional Defiant Disorder
- anti-social parents
- anti-social peers
- lack of parental supervision
- disruptive family behaviour
- child abuse
- child neglect
- negative parental discipline
- cold parental attitude
- parental conflict
- low family income
- low IQ / low academic achievement
- impulsiveness
- attending high-crime-incidence schools
- living in a high-crime-incidence neighbourhood
Treatment for CD & ODD
Psychosocial Interventions
- Parental Training
- Limit Setting Implementation
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
- Family Therapy
Psychopharmacology
- Stimulants – help reduce aggression
- Anti-Depressants – SSRIs help reduce impulsive and aggressive behaviour
- Lithium and Anti-Convulsants – help reduce aggression
- Clonidine – help reduce impulsivity and aggression
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