Conduct Disorder CD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder ODD

Conduct Disorder

Conduct Disorder (CD) is the most common psychiatric disorder in the world. It is characterised by persistent anti-social behaviour where social rules are repeatedly broken and aggressive acts are repeatedly performed with the aim of upsetting others. Many children and adolescents with a Conduct Disorder diagnosis grow up into anti-social adults.

Conduct Disorder Signs & Symptoms

  • repetitive and persistent violation of societal norms, rules, laws, and basic rights of others
  • aggression, property destruction, theft, and deceitfulness
  • behavioural severity that leads to significant impairment in various areas of functioning
  • prolonged behavioural pattern lasting a year or more (thus, isolated criminal acts do not lead to a Conduct Disorder diagnosis)

Reference: https://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes/F01-F99/F90-F98/F91-

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), a disruptive disorder which often accompanies ADHD, features ongoing behavioural patterns that cause significant impairment in a child’s social, academic and occupational life.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder Signs & Symptoms

  • bad temper
  • easily annoyed
  • angry or resentful
  • spiteful or vindictive
  • defying rules
  • refusing to comply with requests
  • argumentative with adults
  • deliberately seeks to annoy others
  • blaming others for own mistakes

Reference: https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F91.3

Overview of CD, ODD & More…

Risk Factors for Conduct Disorder & Oppositional Defiant Disorder

  • anti-social parents
  • anti-social peers
  • lack of parental supervision
  • disruptive family behaviour
  • child abuse
  • child neglect
  • negative parental discipline
  • cold parental attitude
  • parental conflict
  • low family income
  • low IQ / low academic achievement
  • impulsiveness
  • attending high-crime-incidence schools
  • living in a high-crime-incidence neighbourhood

Treatment for CD & ODD

Psychosocial Interventions

  • Parental Training
  • Limit Setting Implementation
  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
  • Family Therapy

Psychopharmacology

  • Stimulants help reduce aggression
  • Anti-DepressantsSSRIs help reduce impulsive and aggressive behaviour
  • Lithium and Anti-Convulsantshelp reduce aggression
  • Clonidine help reduce impulsivity and aggression

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